What is the primary distinction between delirium and dementia in older adults, and which bedside assessment is commonly used to detect delirium?

• A. Delirium is a chronic, progressive decline, whereas dementia is an acute, fluctuating disturbance, and the bedside tool CAM is used to detect delirium.
• B. Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of attention and cognition with rapid onset; dementia is a chronic, progressive decline; the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is commonly used to detect delirium.
• C. Delirium is unrelated to cognitive function, and dementia is caused by acute illness; CAM is used to monitor hydration.
• D. Delirium always presents with hallucinations, while dementia never does; CAM has no role in detection.

Answer: (B)