Which result on a dipstick urinalysis is considered abnormal?</n>

• A. +1 Ketones.
• B. pH 5.0.
• C. Absence of glucose.
• D. Scant sediment.

Answer: (A)

Ketonuria signals that the body is relying on fat for energy because carbohydrates aren’t adequately available or insulin isn’t effectively using glucose. A positive dipstick finding for ketones means there is a metabolic state that needs attention, such as poor oral intake, dehydration, illness, or diabetes with possible risk of ketoacidosis. In older adults, this can point to dehydration from fever or inadequate intake, or to unmanaged diabetes, so it prompts further assessment of hydration, intake, and blood glucose.

A urine pH of 5.0 falls within the normal range for urine acidity, which can vary from about 4.5 to 8.0; this value isn’t inherently abnormal. Absence of glucose is also normal—glucose in urine (glycosuria) would be the abnormal finding, suggesting high blood glucose or poor renal reabsorption under certain conditions. Scant sediment can be a normal, minor finding in many individuals; unless there are other symptoms or abnormal tests, it doesn’t by itself indicate a problem.